Overview of History (753 BC-180 AD)

• Founding of Rome:
• by whom in legend
• reality
• The Republic (508-30 BC)
• Development/Spread (508-260s)
• key to spread?
• 3 ways they treated those they conquered
• Conquest of Mediterranean (260s-130s)
• whom did they defeat
• system for treating those they conquered
• The end of the Republic (130s-30 BC)
• hallmarks of this time are internal ___ and external ___
  
• The Roman Empire (30 BC-180 AD)
• Augustus
• He was the great-nephew and heir of?
  
• Main Roman leaders he had to fight on the way to becoming the undisputed head of the Roman state in 30 B.C.?
• What were the keys to his power?
  
• Title did he prefer to be called by?
• key change in governmental system
• key change in expansion
• 3 principal gains for those under Rome's rule
• Lost by some when he took control of the state
  
• The Principate
• continuation/expansion of the 3 prinicpal gains
• areas added to Empire
• How was the army important but dangerous?
  
• Why were the provinces important?
  
• How and why was "Rome's unique attitude toward citizenship" a key to its success (Casson, p. 6)?
  
• What role did economic realities play in keeping the empire together?

• The nature of the evidence
• Types of evidence?
• Strengths and weaknesses of each type?
• The Ideal Roman
• Key Roman Virtues? Origin of virtues?
• "remarkable aspect of Roman character", according to Shelton
  
• Pietas: definition, why important
  
• Place of tradition?
• Class Structure
• Three main factors
• Terms for original classes; distinctions; effect on law/punishment
  
• Later: terms for 'Three main 'classes;' distinctions
• Position of slaves, freedpersons
• Patron/Client
• Definition
• Benefits for each
• Expectations for each
  
• Variation in treatment
• Other terms: pater; Patres; Pater Patriae

• The Roman Male
• the beginning of the day:
  
• bedroom & bed like?
  
• sleeps in?
  
• time gets up?
  
• puts on?
  
• washing?
  
• Differences between the wealthy, the "middle class", and the poor?
  
• Ethnic origin (typically) for the wealthy and the "middle class"
  
• basic tasks of the day/week for rich; for businessmen and workers
  
• The Roman Female
• the beginning of the day:
  
• bedroom & bed like?
  
• sleeps in?
  
• time gets up?
  
• puts on?
  
• washing?
  
• Differences between the wealthy, the "middle class", and the poor?
  
• basic tasks of the day for the wealthy, the "middle class", and the poor
  
• hair styles & care, help?
  
• make-up: use, types, dangers?
  
• The Barber
• who went, when, other function of barber shop
• services provided
• instruments used
• dangers
  
• what two groups typically had beards?
  
• famous people's relevance? Hadrian's relevance?

• Meals
• Number, times, seating, utensils, typical foods/drink for each meal for an "ordinary Roman"; garum
  
• Roman wine? How made? Variations? Mixed with?
• Roman Dinner for the wealthy
• length, seating, who "sat" with whom
  
• courses & some of their typical foods
  
• offerings to household deities
• entertainment (high-brow, low-brow)
  

• If it were possible for you to be given the opportunity to spend a year abroad in ancient Rome, would you do it, based on what you know of Roman society to date? In your answer make sure you give specific examples from a broad selection of the material which we have covered about ancient Rome in coming to a reasoned decision about this opportunity. For the question we shall assume that you would come as yourself, but will be given the opportunity to choose any Roman social class.