The
"Imperatorial" Period (49-31 BC)
- Caesar and Pompey
- What was the
reason
for the civil
war between Caesar and Pompey? When did it start?
- What are the
important
reforms
of Caesar? What trend did he start that Octavian continued?
- Whom did Caesar
name
as his heir
and adopted in his will? (trend here?)
- The Second Triumvirate:
- Who were the
members
of the second
triumvirate?
- How did they split
up
the Roman
world? What were the tasks in front of them?
- Where and when did
Octavian defeat
Antony? What happened in the end to Antony and Cleopatra?
The Augustan Age (31
BC-AD
14)
- The Political Reforms of Augustus.
- What are the key
titles/powers
that Octavian/Augustus used?
- What did he offer
to
do on Jan
13, 27 B.C. and what was the Senate's response three days later?
- What role/powers
did
the Senate
have in the new government?
- What role/powers
did
governors
have in their provinces?
- How were governors
picked and
why was there a difference in the selection process?
- How was Egypt
treated
differently
that other Roman territories?
- Whom did Augustus
turn
to to provide
"new blood" into the ruling class?
- The Religious and Social Reforms
of
Augustus
- What was the
nature of
Augusus'
religious reforms inside of Rome? outside of Rome?
- What are some of
the
ways that
Augustus tried to improve the moral climate of Rome?
- Were any of his
social
reforms
successful?
- Augustan Art and
Architecture
- What are some of
Caesar's building
projects in Rome that Augustus completed?
- What are some of
the
new building
projects of Augustus in Rome?
- How Augustus used
symbolism on
his art & architecture (e.g. the Fora, the Horologium and the Ara
Pacis,
the Prima Porta statue, coinage) to promote his programs &
ideals?
- What are two of
ways
that Augustus
promoted his programs in the provinces via art (i.e. what did he use
for
"sound bytes")?
The Early Empire (AD
13-69)
- Imperial Succession:
key
requirements
for succession; what happened to bad emperors
- Determination of Policy: role of senate, amici, emperor
- machinery of governance: at local,
provincial, and "national" levels
- Army: size,
length of service,
bonus on retirement, legions versus auxiliary troops
Families
- Key terms: familia,
paterfamilias,
patria
potestas
- What were relations
between parents
and children like? Why sometimes distance between mothers and children?
How did the low life expectancy effect these?
- What were the
virtues of
an ideal
mother?
- What were some of
the
ways to
limit family size? Effective?
- What were some of
the
ways Augustus
tried to increase family size? Successful?
- How were children
expected to
behave? Who often took care of them? Effects of this?
- How did the law and
public opinion
change about infanticide and orphans
Marriage
- Who picked the
marriage
partners?
- Typical age for
first
marriage
for girls? Boys?
- What is the dowry?
- What is the purpose
of
marriage?
- How could husbands
treat
their
wives? Could/did wives ever stand up for themselves?
- What were the
virtues of
an ideal
wife?
- When were "affairs"
punishable (if caught)
or not? Specifics?
- What was involved in
divorce--reasons,
dowry, children? How did Augustus change this?
Women in the Roman World
- Childhood: What was
it
like? What
were the virtues of the ideal daughter?
- What were the
virtues of
the ideal
"woman"?
- What were the vices
of
the "unacceptable"
woman?
- What did they
consider
as the
causes, symptoms, and treatment of hysteria
- What freedoms did
women
have?
- What occupations
could
they engage
in?
- What were the
effectiveness and or dangers of
cosmetics & hair dyes,
who used, etc.?
Possible Essay Questions
(be prepared to write on one of these)
- Social: From an evaluation of
the evidence
we have examined in Shelton's
Chapters II, III, and XIII, develop a reasoned conclusion about
expectations of Roman women from
birth to death. Make sure that your evidence is representative of all
three chapters, not just one. Also, does it matter what social
class a woman belonged to?
- Social:
From
an evaluation of
the evidence
we have examined in Shelton's
Chapters II, III, and XIII, develop a reasoned conclusion what rights
women had then as compared to now in the U.S (or your own country if
not the U.S.). Make sure that your evidence is representative of all
three chapters, not just one. Also, does it matter what social
class a woman belonged to?
- Politics: Compare
and contrast President Obama and Augustus
with
respect to three of the
following:
foreign policy, domestic policy, emphasis on morals and morality, and
use
of the media. Just as for Augustus, when discussing President Obama,
make
sure you give specific examples to illustrate the points you are
making. For
Augustus, use class
notes, the readings we have covered in this unit, and a pdf of a web
site on Augustan art & architecture (unfortunately the web material
is no longer available on the web; the pdf is in Moodle entitled
"AugAA.pdf").