Rowdies, Rogues, and Robbers (Kebric, Ch 7, Pomeroy, 235-238, class notes)

• Intro to the Law courts at Athens
  • Who could propose laws, where were they located?
  • Distinction between "private" and "public" cases?
  • Who were jurors, how much were they paid, how did they vote, and how large were the juries?
  • What is a water clock and how was it used?
  • What were the steps and their corresponding procedures of a case prior to the case coming before a jury?
  • Procedures of the trial itself?
  • Ways a murder trial was different from private case? Where were murder trials held if admitted but claimed justified? Jurors from (typically)?
  • Types of evidence acceptable? Restrictions on slave testimony? Restrictions on female testimony?
  • Terms: prosklesis, graphe, antigraphe, anakrisis, atimia
• 5 cases discussed by Kebric
  • know the basic plots of all
  • People:
    • Eratothenes, Euphiletus & family, former mistress
    • Ariston, Conon, Conon's sons
    • Philoneos, his concubine, his friend, his friend's wife & sons
    • Diodotus, Diogeiton, Diogeiton's wife & sons, Phaedrus
    • Phormio, Chrysippus, Lampis

The Apology of Plato (427-348 B.C.); Socrates (469-399 B.C.)

• Consider the manner in which Socrates (according to Plato) defended himself.
  • What were the various charges?
  • In particular, what were the slanderous charges (p.20) and
  • what were the actual charges lodged against Socrates (p. 25)?
  • Who were the accusers?
• Which charges is Socrates most concerned with?
• Who was Chaerephon and how did he set Socrates on his mission in life?
• In what way was Socrates the wisest?
• What was Socrates' daimon (i.e. "familiar oracle within me" in 3rd speech on p 39) and how did it function somewhat like our conscience?
• How was Socrates' arete similar to yet quite different from that of the Homeric heroes (or Olympic victors)?
• In what way was Socrates the gadfly of Athens?
• After being convicted what penalty did Socrates propose himself?
• Why did Socrates not go into exile?
• Why did Socrates not fear death?
• How can Socrates be described as a martyr?

Philip II (382-336) & the Rise of Macedon (Pomeroy, Ch 10)

• Were the Macedonians Greek? Modern answer/ancient Greek answer
• Some ways the Macedonians were different--(how like Dark Age/Homeric Greeks?)
• Predecessors to Philip II: Amyntas I & Persia; Alexander I & Olympics; Archelaus & poets
• Why was his stay in Thebes in 367-365 as a hostage important?
• How did he change the Macedonian military?
• Athens & Philip:
  • Why was Athens at odds with Philip?
  • Effects of Theoric Fund at Athens;
  • effects of Peace of Philocrates;
  • Battle of Chaeronea—treatment of Thebes vs Athens
• What were the two main aims of the League of Corinth? How did he die?

Alexander III (the Great) (356-323) (Pomeroy, Ch 11)

• What did Alexander inherit at age 20 with his ascension to the throne?
• How did Alexander consolidate his power?
• Invasion of Asia: Theatrics? Granicus? Issus? Darius III? March along the coast?
• What did he learn in Egypt from Zeus Ammon? Significance?
• Offer of Darius III? Battle of Gaugamela
• What other areas did Alexander conquer?
• Alexander's new approach & tension with army
• Why did he finally turn back?
• What did he die of?
• What were his political and cultural visions for his empire?
• How did he promote Hellenism?

Hellenistic Age (323-146) (Pomeroy, Ch 12)

• 323-276: "Age of the Successors"
  • The Regency of Perdiccas
    • Who became regent on Alexander's death?
    • Ptolemy I, Lysimachus, and Antigonus the One-Eyed became satraps of what lands?
    • What became of Perdiccas?
    • Seleucus got?
  • The Primacy of Antigonus the One-Eyed
    • Who was Alexander IV and what was the effect of his death in 310?
    • Who fought against whom in 301?
  • The last Hellenistic ruler, who died in 30 BC, was?
• The Polis in the Hellenistic World
  • Know the names of the two strong federal states that developed within Greece.
  • Athens & Sparta
  • People to know: Menander, Zeno, Epicurus
  • Philosophies: Stoicism, Epicurianism, Cynicism, Skepticism
• Hellenistic Society (New Opportunities in a Colonial World)
  • Why the new opportunities?
  • For whom?
  • Doing what?
  • Women?
  • What does the marriage document tell us?
• Alexandria and Hellenistic Culture
  • Alexandria: founded by? transformed by? Pharos? "Museum:" what was it, famous works.
  • People to know: Theocritus, Callimachus, Apollonius of Rhodes, Euhemerus
  • The Visual Arts: What are the key trends in art and how are they reflective of the age? How is realism portrayed?
  • Scholarship and Science: Eratosthenes, Herophilus, Erasistratus (both books), Euclid
• Social Relations in the Hellenistic World
  • The Place of Non-Greeks: two views are? How native Egyptian religious families treated; village officials?
  • Hellenistic Religion: Examples of assimilation & adaption? Sarapis?
  • What did the establishment of the Hellenistic Kingdoms mark the end of? Why?

Movie

• Know the plot and the themes of honor, fame, greed, love, expediency (results vs honor)
• Characters: Agamemnon, Menelaus, Helen, Odysseus, Ajax, Achilles, Patroclus, Hector, Paris, Priam, Andromache, Briseis, Trojan priest/prophet

Possible Essay Questions:

Reminder: if you did paper 6, you must write on something different for this essay

• Love: Examine the role of love (or "love") in the movie, Troy, and/or in 2 of the murder trials from Kebric's chapter 7.


• The divine: Examine the role of the gods in the movie, Troy, and/or in the Apology.


• Women: Aristotle, in his Politics, states "the relation of male to female is naturally that of the superior to the inferior-- of the ruling to the ruled" (1254b) because the male possesses "the rational ... element"; the female "the irrational ... element" (1260a). Examine whether this is true for 1-2 women from the movie (Helen, Briseis, Andromache) and 1-2 women from Kebric's passages about Eratosthenes (205-211), A Poisonous Stepmother? (214-217), and Diogeiton (217-223).


• Time Travel: You have come into possession of a time portal that will allow you to visit the past from "inside the head" of an individual (but you can't communicate with the person or change the past), but it has some restrictions. You must submit your request in writing to the portal and demonstrate that you have good cause to visit (or it may refuse your request). Your choices are Hector, Achilles, Helen, or Odysseus from Troy, and Philip, Alexander from Pomeroy's text, and Socrates from the Apology. Pick 1 person from each source material (i.e. you can't pick both from the movie or from Pomeroy). In your request, focus on their "character-traits" or "nature"; also indicate why you rank them in the order you do. Remember, the portal is very particular about whom it lets go through and requires a request that contains good argumentation and good supporting facts


• Fate: At one point in the movie, Achilles says, "I chose nothing. I was born and this is who I am." As a movie critic, evaluate the movie's stance on this issue versus Homer's stance (based solely on the selections from Homer we read at the beginning of the semester) or Sophocles' stance (based solely on the Antigone) or Herodotus' stance (based solely on the reading about Croesus).